preplogic

Notes for the course "elementary logic"
git clone https://git.tronto.net/preplogic
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commit 7862d4e51530dc1d97fb20b63060d017f04b6a24
parent 92fe0e599cf079aea24fa75af8890fbc05bb078d
Author: Sebastiano Tronto <sebastiano.tronto@gmail.com>
Date:   Sun,  6 Sep 2020 19:29:27 +0200

Added exercises and some pages to the slides

Diffstat:
MREADME.md | 6+++---
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.fdb_latexmk | 18+++++++++++++-----
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.fls | 12++++++++++++
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.log | 117+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.pdf | 0
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.synctex.gz | 0
Mexercises/preplogic-exercises.tex | 48++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.aux | 40++++++++++++++++++++--------------------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.fdb_latexmk | 18+++++++++---------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.fls | 2+-
Mslides/preplogic-slides.log | 74+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------------------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.nav | 38+++++++++++++++++++-------------------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.pdf | 0
Mslides/preplogic-slides.synctex.gz | 0
Mslides/preplogic-slides.tex | 29+++++++++++++++++++++++------
Mslides/preplogic-slides.toc | 2+-
16 files changed, 267 insertions(+), 137 deletions(-)

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md @@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Here you can find the slides and the exercises for the course "Elementary Logic" (University of Luxembourg, PrepCamp 2020). For the slides, go in the ``slides`` folder and look for the file -``preplogic-slides.pdf''. +``preplogic-slides.pdf``. -For the exercises, go in the ``exercises'' folder and look for the file -``preplogic-exercises.pdf''. +For the exercises, go in the ``exercises`` folder and look for the file +``preplogic-exercises.pdf``. diff --git a/exercises/preplogic-exercises.fdb_latexmk b/exercises/preplogic-exercises.fdb_latexmk @@ -1,5 +1,5 @@ # Fdb version 3 -["pdflatex"] 1599407243 "preplogic-exercises.tex" "preplogic-exercises.pdf" "preplogic-exercises" 1599407243 +["pdflatex"] 1599413298 "preplogic-exercises.tex" "preplogic-exercises.pdf" "preplogic-exercises" 1599413298 "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/enc/dvips/cm-super/cm-super-ts1.enc" 1594687104 2900 1537cc8184ad1792082cd229ecc269f4 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/map/fontname/texfonts.map" 1594687104 3524 cb3e574dea2d1052e39280babc910dc8 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/map/pdftex/updmap/pdftex.map" 1594687104 4851843 f8aac22e46e9a458223e5c13b1e20998 "" @@ -26,18 +26,24 @@ "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmsy6.tfm" 1594687104 1116 933a60c408fc0a863a92debe84b2d294 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmsy8.tfm" 1594687104 1120 8b7d695260f3cff42e636090a8002094 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmti10.tfm" 1594687104 1480 aa8e34af0eb6a2941b776984cf1dfdc4 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/tfm/public/cm/cmtt12.tfm" 1594687104 772 9a936b7f5e2ff0557fce0f62822f0bbf "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx10.pfb" 1594687104 34811 78b52f49e893bcba91bd7581cdc144c0 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmbx12.pfb" 1594687104 32080 340ef9bf63678554ee606688e7b5339d "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmex10.pfb" 1594687104 30251 6afa5cb1d0204815a708a080681d4674 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi10.pfb" 1594687104 36299 5f9df58c2139e7edcf37c8fca4bd384d "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi5.pfb" 1594687104 37912 77d683123f92148345f3fc36a38d9ab1 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmmi7.pfb" 1594687104 36281 c355509802a035cadc5f15869451dcee "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr10.pfb" 1594687104 35752 024fb6c41858982481f6968b5fc26508 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr12.pfb" 1594687104 32722 d7379af29a190c3f453aba36302ff5a9 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr17.pfb" 1594687104 32362 179c33bbf43f19adbb3825bb4e36e57a "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmr7.pfb" 1594687104 32762 224316ccc9ad3ca0423a14971cfa7fc1 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmsy10.pfb" 1594687104 32569 5e5ddc8df908dea60932f3c484a54c0d "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmti10.pfb" 1594687104 37944 359e864bd06cde3b1cf57bb20757fb06 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/cm/cmtt12.pfb" 1594687104 24252 1e4e051947e12dfb50fee0b7f4e26e3a "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/amsfonts/symbols/msbm10.pfb" 1594687104 34694 ad62b13721ee8eda1dcc8993c8bd7041 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/fonts/type1/public/cm-super/sfrm1000.pfb" 1594687104 138258 6525c253f16cededa14c7fd0da7f67b2 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/iftex.sty" 1594687104 6501 4011d89d9621e0b0901138815ba5ff29 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/generic/iftex/ifvtex.sty" 1594687104 1057 525c2192b5febbd8c1f662c9468335bb "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amscls/amsthm.sty" 1594687104 12594 0d51ac3a545aaaa555021326ff22a6cc "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsfonts/amsfonts.sty" 1594687104 5949 3f3fd50a8cc94c3d4cbf4fc66cd3df1c "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/amsfonts/amssymb.sty" 1594687104 13829 94730e64147574077f8ecfea9bb69af4 "" @@ -51,12 +57,14 @@ "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/article.cls" 1594687104 20023 e427dd9e17e239bf926ef3aab67fe35e "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/inputenc.sty" 1594687104 5050 8933a39ad74377accd18991c5eb90c58 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/base/size10.clo" 1594687104 8446 9874cccac5fee462272c582807dbbf56 "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/geometry/geometry.sty" 1594687104 41601 9cf6c5257b1bc7af01a58859749dd37a "" + "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/graphics/keyval.sty" 1594687104 2590 e3b24ff953e5b58d924f163d25380312 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/tex/latex/l3backend/l3backend-pdfmode.def" 1594687104 25742 5de23a2d2bc67a3139433e702e64a437 "" "/usr/share/texmf-dist/web2c/texmf.cnf" 1597672114 39446 755423e82e7afb756f49b242a15f4ec2 "" "/usr/share/texmf-var/web2c/pdftex/pdflatex.fmt" 1598712773 2434818 64d78922a5d2a9baf6bf1beec95a9374 "" - 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PDF statistics: - 60 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) - 43 compressed objects within 1 object stream + 72 PDF objects out of 1000 (max. 8388607) + 52 compressed objects within 1 object stream 0 named destinations out of 1000 (max. 500000) 1 words of extra memory for PDF output out of 10000 (max. 10000000) diff --git a/exercises/preplogic-exercises.pdf b/exercises/preplogic-exercises.pdf Binary files differ. diff --git a/exercises/preplogic-exercises.synctex.gz b/exercises/preplogic-exercises.synctex.gz Binary files differ. diff --git a/exercises/preplogic-exercises.tex b/exercises/preplogic-exercises.tex @@ -3,11 +3,12 @@ \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{amsthm} \usepackage{amssymb} +\usepackage[top=2cm]{geometry} \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}[section] -\author{Sebastiano Tronto (uni.lu)} -\title{Elementary logic exercises (Prep Camp 2020)} +\author{Sebastiano Tronto (\texttt{sebastiano.tronto@uni.lu})} +\title{Elementary Logic exercises (Prep Camp 2020)} \begin{document} \maketitle @@ -15,7 +16,7 @@ \section{Logical operations} \begin{exercise} - Determine if the following statement are \textbf{true} or \textbf{false}: + Determine if the following statements are \textbf{true} or \textbf{false}: \begin{enumerate} \item ``Today is Tuesday or Germany has more inhabitants than Luxembourg'' \item ``$7$ is odd and $2+2=5$'' @@ -84,21 +85,35 @@ here}'' ? \section{Quantifiers} \begin{exercise} + Write the negation of the following statements: + \begin{enumerate} + \item $\exists x\in \mathbb N,\, x^2-2=0$ + \item ``Every prime number is odd'' + \item ``Every person I have met likes pizza'' + \item ``There is at least one number greater than $7$'' + \item $\forall x\in \mathbb N,\,x\geq 0$ + \item $\forall x\in \mathbb Z,\,(\exists y\in\mathbb Z,\,x+y=0)$ + \end{enumerate} +\end{exercise} + +\begin{exercise} There is another quantifier that we did not cover in the lecture, namely $\exists!$ (read ``there exists exactly one''). For example, the sentence ``\emph{there exists exactly one natural number x such that x+2=5}'' can be - written in symbols as ``$\exists!x\in \mathbb N,\,x+2=5$. + written in symbols as ``$\exists!x\in \mathbb N,\,x+2=5$''. + In this exercise, your task is to give a formal definition of this quantifier using the logical symbols that we have defined in class. In particular, you will need the following: \begin{itemize} - \item the universal ($\forall$) and existential ($\exists$) quantifier + \item the universal ($\forall$) and existential ($\exists$) quantifiers \item the conjunction $\land$ \item the implication $\implies$ \end{itemize} Moreover, you will need the equality symbol $=$ between two elements of a set (if $a$ and $b$ are two elements of the same set, ``$a=b$'' is a mathematical - statement and it is \textbf{true} if and only if they are the same element). + statement and it is \textbf{true} if and only if $a$ and $b$ are the same + element). \emph{Warning: your definition must depend on a set $S$ and on a ``variable statement'' $A(x)$, as the existential and universal quantifiers.} @@ -107,6 +122,27 @@ here}'' ? \section{Proofs} \begin{exercise} + Prove by induction that + \begin{align*} + \forall n\in\mathbb N,\quad \sum_{k=1}^n(2k-1)=n^2 + \end{align*} + (here $\sum_{k=1}^n(2k-1)$ means $1+3+5+\cdots+ (2n-1)$). +\end{exercise} + +\begin{exercise} + If $n\in \mathbb N$ the \emph{factorial} of $n$, denoted by $n!$ is defined + as follows: + \begin{align*} + n!=\begin{cases} + 1&\text{if } n=0,\\ + n\times (n-1)! & \text{if } n> 0. + \end{cases} + \end{align*} + Prove by induction that if $n\geq 4$ then $n!\geq 2^n$. +\end{exercise} + + +\begin{exercise} Is the following statement true or false? 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