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| author | Sebastiano Tronto <sebastiano.tronto@gmail.com> | 2020-09-06 18:04:41 +0200 |
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| committer | Sebastiano Tronto <sebastiano.tronto@gmail.com> | 2020-09-06 18:04:41 +0200 |
| commit | 4ca009f025a29351bcf1160cd68d513f04687713 (patch) | |
| tree | 316df069fd10e32d61403c055b024404dd3f74cf /exercises/preplogic-exercises.tex | |
| download | preplogic-4ca009f025a29351bcf1160cd68d513f04687713.tar.gz preplogic-4ca009f025a29351bcf1160cd68d513f04687713.zip | |
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| 1 | \documentclass[a4paper,oneside]{article} | ||
| 2 | \usepackage[utf8]{inputenc} | ||
| 3 | \usepackage{amsmath} | ||
| 4 | \usepackage{amsthm} | ||
| 5 | \usepackage{amssymb} | ||
| 6 | |||
| 7 | \theoremstyle{definition} \newtheorem{exercise}{Exercise}[section] | ||
| 8 | |||
| 9 | \author{Sebastiano Tronto (uni.lu)} | ||
| 10 | \title{Elementary logic exercises (Prep Camp 2020)} | ||
| 11 | |||
| 12 | \begin{document} | ||
| 13 | \maketitle | ||
| 14 | |||
| 15 | \section{Logical operations} | ||
| 16 | |||
| 17 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 18 | Determine if the following statement are \textbf{true} or \textbf{false}: | ||
| 19 | \begin{enumerate} | ||
| 20 | \item ``Today is Tuesday or Germany has more inhabitants than Luxembourg'' | ||
| 21 | \item ``$7$ is odd and $2+2=5$'' | ||
| 22 | \item Every number of the form $2^{2^n}+1$, for $n=1,2,3...$, is prime. | ||
| 23 | \end{enumerate} | ||
| 24 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 25 | |||
| 26 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 27 | What is the negation of the sentence ``\emph{I payed attention in class and I | ||
| 28 | did not do my homework}'' ? | ||
| 29 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 30 | |||
| 31 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 32 | Simplify the following logical expressions using the properties of logical | ||
| 33 | operations (where $A,B$ and $C$ are statements): | ||
| 34 | \begin{enumerate} | ||
| 35 | \item $A\land(A\lor B)$ | ||
| 36 | \item $A\lor (B\land A)$ | ||
| 37 | \item $(A\lor B) \land \neg A$ | ||
| 38 | \item $A \lor (\neg A\land B)$ | ||
| 39 | \item $(\neg (A\lor \neg B))\land ((A\lor C) \land \neg C)$ | ||
| 40 | \end{enumerate} | ||
| 41 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 42 | |||
| 43 | \section{Implication} | ||
| 44 | |||
| 45 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 46 | Fill in the following truth table: | ||
| 47 | \begin{align*} | ||
| 48 | \begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} | ||
| 49 | \hline | ||
| 50 | A & B & C & \neg(A\implies B) & (A\implies B) \implies C \\ | ||
| 51 | \hline | ||
| 52 | 0 & 0 & 0 & & \\ | ||
| 53 | \hline | ||
| 54 | 0 & 0 & 1 & & \\ | ||
| 55 | \hline | ||
| 56 | 0 & 1 & 0 & & \\ | ||
| 57 | \hline | ||
| 58 | 0 & 1 & 1 & & \\ | ||
| 59 | \hline | ||
| 60 | 1 & 0 & 0 & & \\ | ||
| 61 | \hline | ||
| 62 | 1 & 0 & 1 & & \\ | ||
| 63 | \hline | ||
| 64 | 1 & 1 & 0 & & \\ | ||
| 65 | \hline | ||
| 66 | 1 & 1 & 1 & & \\ | ||
| 67 | \hline | ||
| 68 | \end{array} | ||
| 69 | \end{align*} | ||
| 70 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 71 | |||
| 72 | \begin{exercise}[Transitivity] | ||
| 73 | Prove that the following statement is true for any statements $A,B$ and $C$: | ||
| 74 | \begin{align*} | ||
| 75 | ((A\implies B)\land (B\implies C))\implies (A\implies C) | ||
| 76 | \end{align*} | ||
| 77 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 78 | |||
| 79 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 80 | What is the contrapositive of ``\emph{If this table is not reserved, we sit | ||
| 81 | here}'' ? | ||
| 82 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 83 | |||
| 84 | \section{Quantifiers} | ||
| 85 | |||
| 86 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 87 | There is another quantifier that we did not cover in the lecture, namely | ||
| 88 | $\exists!$ (read ``there exists exactly one''). For example, the sentence | ||
| 89 | ``\emph{there exists exactly one natural number x such that x+2=5}'' can be | ||
| 90 | written in symbols as ``$\exists!x\in \mathbb N,\,x+2=5$. | ||
| 91 | In this exercise, your task is to give a formal definition of this quantifier | ||
| 92 | using the logical symbols that we have defined in class. In particular, you | ||
| 93 | will need the following: | ||
| 94 | \begin{itemize} | ||
| 95 | \item the universal ($\forall$) and existential ($\exists$) quantifier | ||
| 96 | \item the conjunction $\land$ | ||
| 97 | \item the implication $\implies$ | ||
| 98 | \end{itemize} | ||
| 99 | Moreover, you will need the equality symbol $=$ between two elements of a set | ||
| 100 | (if $a$ and $b$ are two elements of the same set, ``$a=b$'' is a mathematical | ||
| 101 | statement and it is \textbf{true} if and only if they are the same element). | ||
| 102 | |||
| 103 | \emph{Warning: your definition must depend on a set $S$ and on a ``variable | ||
| 104 | statement'' $A(x)$, as the existential and universal quantifiers.} | ||
| 105 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 106 | |||
| 107 | \section{Proofs} | ||
| 108 | |||
| 109 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 110 | Is the following statement true or false? Give a proof of your answer. | ||
| 111 | \begin{align*} | ||
| 112 | \forall n\in \mathbb N,\, n^2 -4n +5>n | ||
| 113 | \end{align*} | ||
| 114 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 115 | |||
| 116 | \begin{exercise} | ||
| 117 | Do the last point of Exercise 1.1 again, but this time give a proof of your | ||
| 118 | answer. | ||
| 119 | \end{exercise} | ||
| 120 | |||
| 121 | |||
| 122 | |||
| 123 | \end{document} | ||
