4 files changed, 424 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/2024/16/Makefile b/2024/16/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8d9b7c0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2024/16/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+CC=g++ -std=c++20 -g -Wall
+
+a:
+        ${CC} -o a.out day16a.cpp
+
+b:
+        ${CC} -o b.out day16b.cpp
+
+clean:
+        rm -f a b
+
+atest: a
+        ./a.out
+
+btest: b
+        ./b.out
+
+arun: a
+        ./a.out < input
+
+brun: b
+        ./b.out < input
+
+.PHONY: a b clean atest btest arun brun
diff --git a/2024/16/day16a.cpp b/2024/16/day16a.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..28e852c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2024/16/day16a.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <queue>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+using namespace std;
+
+class Direction {
+public:
+        int U, R;
+
+        Direction(char c) :
+            U{c == 'v' ? 1 : (c == '^' ? -1 : 0)},
+            R{c == '>' ? 1 : (c == '<' ? -1 : 0)} {}
+
+        Direction(const int i, const int j) : U{i}, R{j} {}
+
+        Direction turnright() const {
+                return turn(-1, 0);
+        }
+
+        Direction turnleft() const {
+                return turn(1, 0);
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const Direction& d) const { // For set<Direction>
+                return this->U < d.U || (this->U == d.U && this->R < d.R);
+        }
+
+        int index() const {
+                if (U == 1 && R == 0) return 0;
+                if (U == -1 && R == 0) return 1;
+                if (U == 0 && R == 1) return 2;
+                if (U == 0 && R == -1) return 3;
+                return -1;
+        }
+private:
+        Direction turn(int64_t sin, int64_t cos) const {
+                return Direction(cos * U - sin * R, sin * U + cos * R);
+        }
+};
+
+class Position {
+public:
+        int64_t i, j;
+
+        Position() : Position(0, 0) {}
+
+        Position(int64_t a, int64_t b) : i{a}, j{b} {}
+
+        Position step(const Direction d) const {
+                return Position(i+d.U, j+d.R);
+        }
+};
+
+const Direction all_directions[] = {
+        Direction(1, 0), Direction(-1, 0), Direction(0, 1), Direction(0, -1)
+};
+
+class Qelem {
+public:
+        int64_t distance;
+        Position p;
+        Direction d;
+
+        Qelem(int dis, Position pp, Direction dd) :
+            distance{dis}, p{pp}, d{dd} {}
+
+        bool operator<(const Qelem& other) const {
+                return distance > other.distance;
+        }
+};
+
+class Board {
+public:
+        int64_t N, M;
+
+        Board(const vector<string>& lines) :
+            N{static_cast<int64_t>(lines.size())},
+            M{static_cast<int64_t>(lines[0].size())},
+            cells(M*N), visited(4*M*N)
+        {
+                for (int64_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+                        for (int64_t j = 0; j < M; j++)
+                                cells[M*i+j] = lines[i][j];
+        }
+
+        char& operator[](const Position p) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c == -1)
+                        return out_of_bound;
+                else
+                        return cells[c];
+        }
+
+        Position find_S() {
+                for (Position p(0, 0); p.i < N; p.i++)
+                        for (p.j = 0; p.j < M; p.j++)
+                                if ((*this)[p] == 'S')
+                                        return p;
+                return Position(-1, -1);
+        }
+
+        int shortest_path(Position p, Direction d) {
+                clear_visited();
+                priority_queue<Qelem> q;
+
+                q.push(Qelem(0, p, d));
+
+                while (!q.empty()) {
+                        auto e = q.top();
+                        q.pop();
+
+                        if ((*this)[e.p] == 'E')
+                                return e.distance;
+
+                        if (is_visited(e.p, e.d) || (*this)[e.p] == '#')
+                                continue;
+                        set_visited(e.p, e.d);
+
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1000, e.p, e.d.turnright()));
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1000, e.p, e.d.turnleft()));
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1, e.p.step(e.d), e.d));
+                }
+                return 999999999;
+        }
+
+        void print() {
+                for (Position p(0, 0); p.i < N; p.i++) {
+                        for (p.j = 0; p.j < M; p.j++)
+                                cout << (*this)[p];
+                        cout << endl;
+                }
+        }
+private:
+        char out_of_bound = '$';
+
+        vector<char> cells;
+        vector<bool> visited;
+
+        int64_t coord(const Position p) const {
+                auto [i, j] = p;
+                return i >= N || i < 0 || j >= M || j < 0 ? -1 : M * i + j;
+        }
+
+        void clear_visited() {
+                for (int64_t i = 0; i < 4*M*N; i++)
+                        visited[i] = false;
+        }
+
+        bool is_visited(const Position p, const Direction d) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c == -1)
+                        return false;
+                else
+                        return visited[4*c + d.index()];
+        }
+
+        void set_visited(const Position p, const Direction d) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c != -1)
+                        visited[4*c + d.index()] = true;
+        }
+};
+
+int main() {
+        string line;
+        vector<string> lines;
+
+        while (getline(cin, line))
+                lines.push_back(line);
+
+        Board board(lines);
+        Direction d('>');
+        Position p = board.find_S();
+
+        cout << board.shortest_path(p, d) << endl;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/2024/16/day16b.cpp b/2024/16/day16b.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..a3e128d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/2024/16/day16b.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,219 @@
+/*
+This solution is bad, it runs in 45 minutes or so. Baiscally I find the
+distances between all pairs of valid (position, direction) pairs; a position p
+is on a valid shortest path if and only if for any direction d in {>, <, v, ^}
+the distance from (S, >) to (p, d) plus the distance from (p, d) to E is
+equal to the shortest path distance.
+
+I tried to do smarter things but I kept making mistakes. This one is
+inefficient, but it has the advantage of requiring minimal changes from part 1.
+*/
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <queue>
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+#include <set>
+using namespace std;
+
+#define INF 999999999
+
+class Direction {
+public:
+        int U, R;
+
+        Direction(char c) :
+            U{c == 'v' ? 1 : (c == '^' ? -1 : 0)},
+            R{c == '>' ? 1 : (c == '<' ? -1 : 0)} {}
+
+        Direction(const int i, const int j) : U{i}, R{j} {}
+
+        Direction turnright() const {
+                return turn(-1, 0);
+        }
+
+        Direction turnleft() const {
+                return turn(1, 0);
+        }
+
+        bool operator<(const Direction& d) const { // For set<Direction>
+                return this->U < d.U || (this->U == d.U && this->R < d.R);
+        }
+
+        int index() const {
+                if (U == 1 && R == 0) return 0;
+                if (U == -1 && R == 0) return 1;
+                if (U == 0 && R == 1) return 2;
+                if (U == 0 && R == -1) return 3;
+                return -1;
+        }
+private:
+        Direction turn(int64_t sin, int64_t cos) const {
+                return Direction(cos * U - sin * R, sin * U + cos * R);
+        }
+};
+
+class Position {
+public:
+        int64_t i, j;
+
+        Position() : Position(0, 0) {}
+
+        Position(int64_t a, int64_t b) : i{a}, j{b} {}
+
+        Position step(const Direction d) const {
+                return Position(i+d.U, j+d.R);
+        }
+};
+
+const Direction all_directions[] = {
+        Direction(1, 0), Direction(-1, 0), Direction(0, 1), Direction(0, -1)
+};
+
+class Qelem {
+public:
+        int64_t distance;
+        Position p;
+        Direction d;
+
+        Qelem(int dis, Position pp, Direction dd) :
+            distance{dis}, p{pp}, d{dd} {}
+
+        bool operator<(const Qelem& other) const {
+                return distance > other.distance;
+        }
+};
+
+class Board {
+public:
+        int64_t N, M;
+
+        Board(const vector<string>& lines) :
+            N{static_cast<int64_t>(lines.size())},
+            M{static_cast<int64_t>(lines[0].size())},
+            cells(M*N), visited(4*M*N)
+        {
+                for (int64_t i = 0; i < N; i++)
+                        for (int64_t j = 0; j < M; j++)
+                                cells[M*i+j] = lines[i][j];
+        }
+
+        char& operator[](const Position p) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c == -1)
+                        return out_of_bound;
+                else
+                        return cells[c];
+        }
+
+        Position find_S() {
+                for (Position p(0, 0); p.i < N; p.i++)
+                        for (p.j = 0; p.j < M; p.j++)
+                                if ((*this)[p] == 'S')
+                                        return p;
+                return Position(-1, -1);
+        }
+
+        int shortest_path(Position p, Direction d, vector<int>& shortest, bool save) {
+                clear_visited();
+                if (save)
+                        for (int i = 0; i < 4*M*N; i++)
+                                shortest[i] = INF;
+
+                priority_queue<Qelem> q;
+
+                q.push(Qelem(0, p, d));
+
+                while (!q.empty()) {
+                        auto e = q.top();
+                        q.pop();
+
+                        if ((*this)[e.p] == 'E')
+                                return e.distance;
+
+                        if (is_visited(e.p, e.d) || (*this)[e.p] == '#')
+                                continue;
+                        set_visited(e.p, e.d);
+
+                        if (save)
+                                shortest[4*coord(e.p) + e.d.index()] = e.distance;
+
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1000, e.p, e.d.turnright()));
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1000, e.p, e.d.turnleft()));
+                        q.push(Qelem(e.distance+1, e.p.step(e.d), e.d));
+                }
+                return 999999999;
+        }
+
+        void print() {
+                for (Position p(0, 0); p.i < N; p.i++) {
+                        for (p.j = 0; p.j < M; p.j++)
+                                cout << (*this)[p];
+                        cout << endl;
+                }
+        }
+
+        int64_t coord(const Position p) const {
+                auto [i, j] = p;
+                return i >= N || i < 0 || j >= M || j < 0 ? -1 : M * i + j;
+        }
+private:
+        char out_of_bound = '$';
+
+        vector<char> cells;
+        vector<bool> visited;
+
+        void clear_visited() {
+                for (int64_t i = 0; i < 4*M*N; i++)
+                        visited[i] = false;
+        }
+
+        bool is_visited(const Position p, const Direction d) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c == -1)
+                        return false;
+                else
+                        return visited[4*c + d.index()];
+        }
+
+        void set_visited(const Position p, const Direction d) {
+                if (const auto c = coord(p); c != -1)
+                        visited[4*c + d.index()] = true;
+        }
+};
+
+int main() {
+        string line;
+        vector<string> lines;
+
+        while (getline(cin, line))
+                lines.push_back(line);
+
+        Board board(lines);
+
+        vector<int> v(4*board.N*board.M);
+        int sh = board.shortest_path(board.find_S(), Direction('>'), v, true);
+
+        int count = 0;
+        for (Position p(0, 0); p.i < board.N; p.i++) {
+                for (p.j = 0; p.j < board.M; p.j++) {
+                        cout << "Checking intermediate position "
+                            << p.i << ", " << p.j << endl;
+                        if (board[p] == '#') continue;
+                        for (auto d : all_directions) {
+                                int i = 4*board.coord(p) + d.index();
+                                if (v[i] == INF) continue;
+                                int ssh = board.shortest_path(p, d, v, false);
+                                if (ssh + v[i] == sh) {
+                                        count++;
+                                        break;
+                                }
+                        }
+                }
+        }
+
+        cout << count+1 << endl;
+
+        return 0;
+}
diff --git a/2024/template.cpp b/2024/template.cpp
index e3fadb3..86077cc 100644
--- a/2024/template.cpp
+++ b/2024/template.cpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <map>
+#include <queue>
 #include <ranges>
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>