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1\documentclass[11pt]{beamer}
2\usetheme{Madrid}
3\usepackage[utf8]{inputenc}
4\usepackage{amsmath, amssymb, amsfonts, amsthm}
5\usepackage{xcolor}
6
7\usepackage{tikz-cd}
8
9\author[\texttt{sebastiano.tronto@uni.lu}]{Sebastiano Tronto}
10\title{Latex Fundamentals}
11\logo{\includegraphics[scale=0.1]{img/unilu.jpg}}
12%\institute{University of Luxembourg}
13
14\newcommand{\bs}{\textbackslash}
15
16\date{2021-02-19}
17
18\begin{document}
19
20\begin{frame}
21 \titlepage
22\end{frame}
23
24\begin{frame}{Latex}
25 \begin{enumerate}
26 \item Write code (like HTML, not like Python)
27 \item Compile to get a pdf file
28 \item ???
29 \item Profit
30 \end{enumerate}
31\end{frame}
32
33
34\begin{frame}{Document structure}
35 \includegraphics[scale=0.5]{img/example2-preamble-edited.png}
36\end{frame}
37
38\begin{frame}{Preamble}
39 \begin{itemize}
40 \item Include packages with \texttt{\bs usepackage}
41 \item Define properties of the document (\texttt{\bs documentclass},
42 \texttt{\bs author}, ...)
43 \item Define new commands and environments
44 \end{itemize}
45\end{frame}
46
47\begin{frame}{Text formatting}
48 \begin{center}
49
50 \begin{tabular}{ccc}
51 \texttt{\small \bs textbf\{Hello\}} &
52 \texttt{\small \bs textit\{Hello\}} or \texttt{\small\bs emph\{Hello\}} &
53 \texttt{\small \bs underline\{Hello\}} \\
54 \textbf{Hello} & \textit{Hello} & \underline{Hello}
55 \end{tabular}
56
57 \vspace{0.7cm}
58 \begin{tabular}{ccc}
59 \texttt{\small \{\bs small Hello\}} & \hspace{1cm}
60 \texttt{\small \{\bs Large Hello\}} \hspace{1cm} &
61 \texttt{\small \{\bs huge Hello\}} \\
62 {\small Hello} & {\Large Hello} & {\huge Hello}
63 \end{tabular}
64
65 \end{center}
66\end{frame}
67
68\begin{frame}{Text formatting}
69 Some technicalities:
70 \begin{itemize}
71 \item Blocks are delimited by \{ and \}
72 \item \texttt{\bs textbf\{...\}} etc. are commands with one argument
73 \item \texttt{\bs emph\{...\}} is context-aware (when in doubt use this)
74 \item \texttt{\bs Large} etc. change the text until the end of the block
75 \item Some people use \texttt{\{\bs bf Hello\}}, but it is deprecated
76 \end{itemize}
77\end{frame}
78
79\begin{frame}{Text formatting}
80 \begin{center}
81 \begin{tabular}{lc}
82 \texttt{\{\bs tiny Hello\}} & {\tiny Hello} \\
83 \texttt{\{\bs scriptsize Hello\}} & {\scriptsize Hello} \\
84 \texttt{\{\bs footnotesize Hello\}} & {\footnotesize Hello} \\
85 \texttt{\{\bs normalsize Hello\}} & {\normalsize Hello} \\
86 \texttt{\{\bs large Hello\}} & {\large Hello} \\
87 \texttt{\{\bs Large Hello\}} & {\Large Hello} \\
88 \texttt{\{\bs LARGE Hello\}} & {\LARGE Hello} \\
89 \texttt{\{\bs huge Hello\}} & {\huge Hello} \\
90 \texttt{\{\bs Huge Hello\}} & {\Huge Hello} \\
91 \end{tabular}
92 \end{center}
93\end{frame}
94
95\begin{frame}{Math mode}
96 \texttt{One can write math inline, like
97 {\color{red}\bs(} \bs sum\_i\bs frac\{i\}\{2\} {\color{red}\bs)},
98 or in displaystyle:
99 {\color{red}\bs[} \bs sum\_i\bs frac\{i\}\{2\} {\color{red}\bs]}
100 }
101
102 \vspace{1.5cm}
103 One can write math inline, like \(\sum_i\frac{i}{2}\) or in displaystyle:
104 \[\sum_i\frac{i}{2}\]
105\end{frame}
106
107\begin{frame}{Math mode}
108 \begin{center}
109 For formulas spanning multiple lines you can use:
110
111 \vspace{0.5cm}
112 \texttt{\color{red}\bs begin\{align\} (...) \bs end \{align\}}
113 \begin{align}
114 e^x =& \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \frac{x^n}{n!} \\
115 =& 1 + x + \frac{x^2}{2} + \frac{x^3}{6} + \cdots
116 \end{align}
117 or \texttt{\color{red}\bs begin\{align*\} (...) \bs end\{align*\}} for no
118 numbers.
119 \end{center}
120\end{frame}
121
122\begin{frame}{Math mode}
123 \begin{itemize}
124 \item Some people use \texttt{\$2+2=4\$} instead of \texttt{\bs(2+2=4\bs)}
125 \item Some \textbf{evil} people use \texttt{\$\$2+2=4\$\$} instead of
126 \texttt{\bs[2+2=4\bs]} (don't try this at home!)
127 \item For \texttt{align} use \texttt{\bs nonumber} to remove one number
128 and \texttt{\&} to align.
129 \item For example I always use \texttt{\$2+2=4\$} and the \texttt{align*}
130 environment.
131 \end{itemize}
132\end{frame}
133
134\begin{frame}{Math mode}
135 \begin{itemize}
136 \item Simple symbols: letters, numbers, $+,-,=,<,>$...
137 \item Symbols that need a \textbf{command}:
138
139 \vspace{0.6cm}
140 \begin{tabular}{c|c|c|c|c}
141 \texttt{\bs alpha, \bs Phi} & \texttt{\bs times, \bs cdot} &
142 \texttt{\bs sum} & \texttt{\bs leq, \bs geq} & \texttt{\bs infty}\\
143 $\alpha,\Phi$ & $\times,\cdot$ & $\sum$ & $\leq,\geq$ & $\infty$
144 \end{tabular}
145 \vspace{0.6cm}
146 \item Negate symbols with \texttt{\bs not}:
147 \begin{align*}
148 \texttt{x \bs not \bs in A} \qquad\to&\qquad x\not\in A\\
149 \texttt{x \bs not = y}\quad\text{ or }\quad\texttt{x \bs neq y}
150 \qquad\to&\qquad x\neq y\\
151 \end{align*}
152 \end{itemize}
153\end{frame}
154
155\begin{frame}{Math mode}
156 \begin{itemize}
157 \item Some commands take one or more \textbf{arguments} (like
158 \texttt{\bs frac}).
159
160 Anything can be an argument:
161 \begin{align*}
162 \texttt{\bs frac\{1\}\{\bs sum\_\{n\}\}}\qquad\to\qquad
163 \frac{1}{\sum_{n} \sqrt n}
164 \end{align*}
165 \item A few commands take \textbf{options}:
166 \texttt{\bs sqrt[3]\{x\}} $\to\,\sqrt[3]{x}$
167 %\item Most of these commands work only in Math mode
168 \end{itemize}
169\end{frame}
170
171
172\begin{frame}{Math mode}
173 \begin{itemize}
174 \item Every symbol can have a \textbf{subscript} and a \textbf{superscript}
175 \begin{align*}
176 \texttt{x\_0\^{}\{23\}} \qquad \to \qquad x_0^{23}
177 \end{align*}
178 \item Anything can be a sub/superscript:
179 \begin{align*}
180 \texttt{\bs int\_\{\bs phi (y)\}\^{}\{2\^{}\{n\_1\}\}}
181 \qquad \to \qquad \int_{\phi(y)}^{2^{n_1}}
182 \end{align*}
183 \end{itemize}
184\end{frame}
185
186
187\begin{frame}{Math mode}
188 \begin{itemize}
189 \item Adjust parentheses size with \texttt{\bs left(} and
190 \texttt{\bs right)}: \[\left(\frac{x+6}{y-2}\right)\]
191 \item Insert text with \texttt{\bs text} and
192 spaces with \texttt{\bs ,} and \texttt{\bs quad}:
193 \[\text{this symbol}\quad \sum_{n=0}^\infty \frac{x^n}{n!} \quad
194 \text{is in math mode}, this is not text\]
195 \end{itemize}
196\end{frame}
197
198\begin{frame}{Math mode}
199
200 \begin{itemize}
201 \item Fancy letters with \texttt{\bs mathcal},
202 \texttt{\bs mathbb} and \texttt{\bs mathfrak}:
203 \begin{align*}
204 \mathcal{A} \qquad \mathbb R \qquad \mathfrak p
205 \end{align*}
206 \item For custom operators use \texttt{\bs operatorname\{oper\}}:
207 \begin{align*}
208 \operatorname{oper}(x)
209 \end{align*}
210 \item Pro-tip: write \texttt{\bs newcommand\{\bs R\}\{\bs mathbb R\}} and
211 \texttt{\bs DeclareMathOperator\{\bs lcm\}\{lcm\}} in your preamble!
212 \end{itemize}
213\end{frame}
214
215\begin{frame}{Math mode}
216 \begin{itemize}
217 \item Wikibooks page on Math mode:
218 {\small\url{https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Mathematics}}
219 \item Advanced stuff:
220 {\small\url{https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/LaTeX/Advanced_Mathematics}}
221 \item List of Mathematical symbols:
222 {\small\url{https://www.caam.rice.edu/~heinken/latex/symbols.pdf}}
223 \end{itemize}
224\end{frame}
225
226\begin{frame}{Environments}
227 \texttt{\color{red}\bs begin\{something\}}
228 Inside an environment
229 \texttt{\color{red}\bs end\{something\}}
230
231 \vspace{0.8cm}
232 \begin{itemize}
233 \item We have seen \texttt{document} and \texttt{align}
234 \item Text and symbols appear differently depending on the environment
235 \item Certain commands are specific to an environment
236 \item You can define new environments
237 \end{itemize}
238\end{frame}
239
240
241\begin{frame}{Environments}
242 Lists: \texttt{\color{red}itemize} and \texttt{\color{red}enumerate}
243
244 \vspace{0.8cm}
245 \begin{columns}
246 \column{0.5\textwidth}
247 \begin{itemize}
248 \item First: \[2+2=4\]
249 \item Second
250 \end{itemize}
251
252 \column{0.5\textwidth}
253 \texttt{\bs begin\{itemize\}}
254
255 \texttt{\qquad \bs item First: \bs[2+2=4\bs]}
256
257 \texttt{\qquad \bs item Second}
258
259 \texttt{\bs end\{itemize\}}
260 \end{columns}
261\end{frame}
262
263\begin{frame}{Environments}
264 Tables: \texttt{tabular} (text) and \texttt{array} (Math mode)
265
266 \vspace{0.8cm}
267 \begin{columns}
268 \column{0.5\textwidth}
269 \begin{tabular}{r|cc}
270 This & is & just \\
271 \hline
272 a & boring & table
273 \end{tabular}
274
275 \column{0.5\textwidth}
276 \texttt{\bs begin\{tabular\}\{r|cc\}}
277
278 \texttt{\qquad This \& is \& just \bs\bs}
279
280 \texttt{\qquad \bs hline}
281
282 \texttt{\qquad a \& boring \& table}
283
284 \texttt{\bs end\{tabular\}}
285 \end{columns}
286
287 \vspace{0.8cm}
288 Matrices: \texttt{array} with parentheses or \texttt{pmatrix}
289\end{frame}
290
291\begin{frame}{Sections}
292 \begin{itemize}
293 \item Use \texttt{\bs section\{Section Name\}} to start a new section
294 \item Also: \texttt{\bs chapter} (book only), \texttt{\bs subsection},
295 \texttt{subsubsection}...
296 \item \texttt{\bs section*\{Name\}} for no number
297 \item Sections after \texttt{\bs appendix} are numbered differently
298 \end{itemize}
299\end{frame}
300
301\begin{frame}{Theorems}
302
303 \begin{itemize}
304 \item In preamble: \texttt{\bs usepackage\{amsthm\}}
305 \item Also in preamble \texttt{\bs newtheorem \{envname\}\{Theorem\}}
306 \item Use \texttt{\bs newtheorem*} for no number
307 \end{itemize}
308\end{frame}
309
310\begin{frame}{Theorems}
311 \begin{columns}
312 \column{0.5\textwidth}
313 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{img/thm_pre.png}
314
315 \vspace{0.2cm}
316 \vdots
317 \vspace{0.3cm}
318
319 \includegraphics[scale=0.3]{img/thm_tex.png}
320
321 \column{0.5\textwidth}
322 \includegraphics[scale=0.2]{img/thm_pdf.png}
323
324 \vspace{1cm}
325 \end{columns}
326\end{frame}
327
328\begin{frame}{End of the lecture}
329 For next time:
330
331 \vspace{0.8cm}
332 \begin{itemize}
333 \item Install Latex on your PC
334 \item Start writing something in Latex (e.g. homework)
335 \item Email me if you have any question
336 \end{itemize}
337\end{frame}
338
339\end{document}
340

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