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Rubik's cube notation

+ +

+This page describes the classic + +Singmaster notation for the Rubik's cube, with some commonly used additions. +

+ +

Basic moves

+ +

+Each of the six faces of the cube is assigned a letter: +

+ + + + + + + + +
UUpper face
DDown face
RRight face
LLeft face
FFront face
BBack face
+ +

+A single letter (like U) denotes a 90° turn clockwise, a +letter followed by a single quote (like U') denotes a 90° turn +counter-clockwise, and a letter followed by a 2 (like U2) denotes a +180° turn. +

+ +

+Basic moves are summarized in the following table (white face on +top and green face on front): +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
U
U'
U2
D
D'
D2
R
R'
R2
L
L'
L2
F
F'
F2
B
B'
B2
+ +

+Note: "clockwise" or "counter-clockwise" is always +intended when looking at the face you are turning. This is +why from the pictures above it looks like, for example, U and D go in +opposite directions. +

+

+If this sounds confusing, think about it: if you put a clock face down +on the table, does it turn clockwise or counter-clockwise? +

+ +

Full-cube rotations

+ +

+Sometimes it is convenient to start a move sequence with the cube in a +different orientation. To denote this, it is common to use the "moves" +x, y and z that denote a full-cube rotation: +

+ + + + + +
xFollows R
yFollows U
zFollows F
+ +

+The same modifiers can be applied, so for example x2 is a full-cube +rotation that follows R2 (or, equivalently, L2) and z' is a a +full-cube rotation that follows F' (or, equivalently, B). +

+ +

Inner-layer moves

+ +

+Moving two parallel layers of the cube, one clockwise and one +counter-clockwise, has the same effect as moving the inner layer +between them. We usually denote these inner-layer moves by +M, E and S. +

+ + + + + +
MFollows L
EFollows D
SFollows F
+ +Or in pictures: + + + + + + + +
M
E
S
+ +

+The same modifiers can be applied, so for example M2 means moving the inner +layer between R and L by 180°. +

+ +

+Note 1: unfortunately, the notation for inner-layer moves +is not consistent with that for full-cube rotations. For example x follows R +but M follows L. +

+ +

+Note 2: Inner-layer moves can always be rewritten as a +combination of basic moves and full-cube rotations. For example, M' +is equivalent to x R' L. +

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